Sooty regions were found on the adaxial leaf surface (Fig. 2a), but no sooty regions were observed on the abaxial leaf surface (data not shown). There were distinct color variations in the thermograph, which showed temperature variations (4.5˚C) between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature on the same leaf surface (Fig. 2b). The sooty regions corresponded to the location of the highest temperature in the thermograph. Furthermore, several leaves on the same twig had sooty regions on the leaf surface (Fig. 2c). Elevated temperatures were recorded in the sooty regions on each leaf (Fig. 2d). In the thermal image, the sooty regions on each leaf were a distinct yellow color, compared to the violet color in non-sooty (control) regions on the same leaf.